Model showing signs of sun damage.

Scottsdale – Many patients ask what is sun damage? Here’s a quick and short version of what happens.

Sun damage occurs as a result of your skin being exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays.  As UV rays are absorbed, they may cause cells to enter into photo-excited states, which may lead to the formation of free radicals in some skin cells. Free radicals lead to oxidation and cellular damage to occur. UV rays can also produce changes or mutations in the DNA (your genetic information) within the skin cells. Depending on which changes occur, the cells to may malfunction and act differently than normal cells.

With repeated exposure to UV rays, the skin is continually abused, and over time it struggles to repair the signs of sun damage.  As the cells  begin cellular replication and keratinization, the DNA changes caused by the UV rays are copied into new cells.

Eventually, visual changes on your skin surface may appear including hyper-pigmentation, uneven skin tone, fine lines and wrinkles. More serious conditions like  actinic keratosis and even skin cancer could result when your DNA  is damaged.